Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis, is inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thin layer of tough tissue supporting the arch of the foot, which may cause the heel to hurt, feel hot or swell.

Plantar fasciitis may result from excessive tightness of the Achilles tendon, excessive or prolonged pronation or obesity can overload the fasica during weight bearing activities. Predisposing factors include training errors, overuse, hyperpronation, poor strength and/or flexibility of the gastrocnemius/soleus complex, degenerative changes and systemic disorders.

If too much stress is placed on the plantar fascia, micro tears can occur. These micro tears become inflamed and cause pain that is usually localized at the plantar fascia’s origin on the calcaneus but can occasionally radiate down the foot.

No special tests are needed to make the diagnosis. This diagnosis is made by history and physical examination of the patient. The patient may present symptoms consistent with plantar fasciitis and has pain when pressure is applied to the medial aspect of the calcaneus and the pain increases with forefoot dorsiflexion and big toe extension. The patient frequently cannot remember an injury, but will have noticed the pain upon rising in the morning that diminishes within 5 to 10 minutes, but builds throughout the day.

Like many overuse injuries of sport, there is no sure fire treatment. Rest itself does not necessarily cure the problem, even though it may decrease the pain. With use of the foot again, however, the pain returns. The key to healing this overuse injury lies in increasing the circulation to the area while decreasing the tightness of the muscles. Therefore, stretching and strengthening exercises are extremely helpful.

A Physical Therapist may also utilize ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and/or acupuncture to increase recovery time.

Icing the plantar aspect of the foot after activity may also decrease the inflammation and relieve the pain.

Anti-inflammatory medication, or even an injection by your doctor may also be recommended.

Taping can also be used to help protect the arch and the plantar fascia to alleviate pain during activity.

Orthotics are shoe inserts that are intended to correct an abnormal or irregular, walking pattern. They perform functions that make standing, walking, and running more comfortable and efficient by altering slightly the angles at which the foot strikes a walking or running surface.

Overall your therapist and doctor will work together to ensure proper care.

This information is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. Before starting an exercise program, consult a physical therapist. All images authorized & copyright by Primal Picture Ltd.